THE RELIGIOUS CONSULTATION
on population, reproductive health & ethics

Boston Globe, August 18, 2004

Population losses expected for many industrialized nations

By Associated Press

WASHINGTON -- Japan, Germany and many other large industrialized countries face long-term population slowdowns or declines as more young adults have fewer children or delay child-rearing, demographers say.

While the world's population is expected to increase by almost 50 percent by 2050, Japan could lose 20 percent of its population over the next half-century, according to data released yesterday by the private Population Reference Bureau.

Russia's population is expected to decline by 17 percent, and Germany's by 9 percent.

The United States is the biggest exception among industrialized countries, with its population expected to rise by 43 percent from 293 million now to 420 million at midcentury.

While the United States, like other developed nations, has an increasing number of older residents, the US population is expected to keep growing in large part because of immigration.

Some European countries have considered loosening immigration curbs as a way to help fill shortages for highly skilled workers and to build a tax base to replace dwindling funds for programs for the aged.

But the underlying reasons for the population dilemma faced by industrialized nations are mainly socioeconomic, says demographer Martha Farnsworth Riche, former head of the US Census Bureau.

"Modernization" -- the way today's economies are built on a more educated work force -- is causing more young adults to think twice about having large families, Riche said.

They must consider direct costs, like sending a child to college, and indirect costs, such as a parent having to take time off from a career to raise a child, before starting a family.

She cited some examples:

In Japan, more educated younger women are choosing to delay marriage or childbirth -- or to forgo them entirely -- as an expression of independence that previous generations of Japanese women didn't have.

More people are graduating from college, and more of today's children expect to get a higher education than previous generations did. That means young families concerned about college costs may choose to have fewer children.

The cost of raising a child may especially hinder young adults from having large families in countries facing economic hardships, such as in eastern Europe, said Carl Haub, author of the Population Reference Bureau's 2004 World Population Data Sheet, which was released yesterday.

Haub added that in Italy, many young men live at home with parents until their late 20s because it is less acceptable to live with someone and raise a family out of wedlock.

As a result, many young Italians either don't get married or may leave the country entirely, he said.

The annual study from Haub found that the world's population will increase nearly 50 percent by midcentury to almost 9.2 billion. The projection was on par with previous forecasts from the United Nations and the US Census Bureau. Nearly all the growth would come from developing nations, even though less developed countries generally have much higher rates of HIV and AIDS infections and infant mortality.

While the population of developed countries would rise 4 percent to over 1.2 billion, the population in developing nations would surge by 55 percent to over 8 billion. Countries in Africa and south Asia would see the largest increases.

China, currently the world's most populous nation at 1.3 billion, would see an overall 10 percent increase between now and 2050 to over 1.4 billion in 2050, but its peak population is anticipated to be reached by 2025, with a decline thereafter.

By 2050, India is expected to overtake China, rising almost 50 percent from under 1.1 billion now to 1.6 billion at midcentury. Nigeria's population would nearly triple to 307 million.

Bangladesh's would double to 280 million.

The trends could change further depending on how successful doctors are in treating AIDS infections and reducing infant mortality rates, and how prevalent contraceptive use and family planning become in developing nations.

The Population Reference Bureau is supported by government, foundation and other grants. Haub's projections were based on data from foreign governments, the United Nations and the US Census Bureau.

© Copyright 2004 Globe Newspaper Company.